Blackheads are clogged pores (open comedones), not dirt trapped in the skin. They usually form when oil and dead skin cells collect in a pore; the exposed surface darkens when it meets air. A gentle routine and the right active ingredient can help, but harsh scrubs and squeezing often make irritation worse.
This article is general skincare information, not medical advice. If you are pregnant, breastfeeding, taking prescription medicines, have a skin condition, or are unsure which treatment suits you, ask a pharmacist, GP or dermatologist before starting an active product.
In this article
- What blackheads are
- A simple routine for blackheads
- Ingredients that may help
- What to avoid
- When to see a GP or dermatologist
- FAQs
What are blackheads?
Blackheads are a mild type of acne. They are most common around the nose, chin and forehead, where skin may produce more oil. They can occur alongside whiteheads or inflammatory acne, and are not a sign that skin is unclean.
Oil, dead skin cells and some skincare or makeup products can contribute to blocked pores. Hormonal changes and genetics can also play a role. Healthdirect’s acne guidance explains that harsh cleansing and over-washing can make acne worse.
A simple routine for blackheads
1. Cleanse gently, morning and night
Use a gentle, soap-free cleanser and lukewarm water. Remove makeup before bed. Micellar water can be useful for removing makeup first, but follow with a rinse or gentle cleanse when you can.
2. Add one active product at a time
Introduce one active product slowly and follow the label directions. If your skin becomes persistently sore, red or flaky, stop and ask a pharmacist or clinician for advice. Daily sunscreen is particularly important when using exfoliating acids or retinoids.
Ingredients that may help with blackheads
Salicylic acid (BHA)
Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid commonly used in products for clogged pores. Start with the product instructions rather than combining several exfoliants at once. It may not suit every skin type, so patch-test new products and seek advice if you have sensitive skin.
Retinoids and retinol
Topical retinoids are an established acne treatment; some options require a prescription. Retinol is a cosmetic ingredient, not the same as a prescription retinoid. Retinoids are not suitable in pregnancy, so ask a clinician for individual advice before use. The NHS acne treatment guide has more detail on benefits and precautions.
Glycolic acid and other AHAs
Glycolic acid can help exfoliate the skin’s surface, but more is not better. Avoid layering it with other strong exfoliants or retinoids unless a professional has advised you to do so.
Clay masks and oil control
A clay mask can be an optional, occasional part of a routine for people who enjoy it, but it is not a replacement for proven acne treatment. Stop if it leaves skin irritated or overly dry.
What to avoid
- Picking or squeezing: this can irritate the skin and raise the risk of marks or scarring.
- DIY baking soda, cinnamon or harsh scrubs: these can damage the skin barrier and are not reliable blackhead treatments.
- Over-cleansing: wash gently rather than repeatedly scrubbing your face.
- Starting multiple actives together: this makes irritation more likely and makes it harder to identify the cause.
Choose non-comedogenic makeup and sunscreen where possible, remove makeup before bed, and avoid treating a workout or sweating as a pore-cleansing treatment—cleanse gently afterwards instead.
When to see a GP or dermatologist
Speak with a GP or dermatologist if acne is painful, widespread, scarring, affecting your wellbeing, or has not improved after a consistent over-the-counter routine. A GP can advise on treatment or refer you to a dermatologist when appropriate.
Blackhead treatment FAQs
Can you get rid of blackheads overnight?
There is no reliable overnight fix. A gentle routine and consistent treatment usually take weeks to show a difference.
Should I squeeze blackheads?
It is best not to. Picking can cause irritation, marks and scarring. Seek professional advice for stubborn congestion.
Are blackheads caused by poor hygiene?
No. They are blocked pores, and over-washing or harsh scrubbing may aggravate the skin.
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